Mining is an important component of Botswana’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It generates the majority of export earnings, and makes a major contribution to government fiscal revenues. Therefore, the revenues generated by the mining sector are of critical importance for sustainable development. The decision to include mineral accounts in the WAVES project reflects the importance of the mining sector and the need to ensure that appropriate decisions are taken regarding the investment of mineral revenues to provide for future economic growth. This study quantifies the major physical and monetary trends in resource stocks for major minerals; estimates the rent generated by each of the major minerals; and produces estimates of mineral depletion.